SCALES



Each offers a size for your needs or space availability to develop the hobby, the most popular scales are "HO" and "N" because you can develop in a short space lying at a reasonable price.
In the photo at right shows an example of five scales, beginning from above we have:

I = 1:32 O = 1:43 HO = 1:87 TT = 1:120 N = 1:160

scales such as the "O" or the "1" are perfect to be able to develop Outdoor hobby, ie you can assemble cables in the garden of your home.

As you can see several scales from which you have:

NAME
SCALES
TRACK
1 meter
at
Z
N
TT
HOn3
HOm
HO
S
O
I
1:220
1:160
1:120
1:87
1:87
1:87
1:64
1:43
1:32
6.5mm
9mm
12mm
10.5mm
12mm
16.5mm
22mm
32mm
45mm
4.5mm
6.25mm
8.33mm
11.48mm
11.48mm
11.48mm
15.62mm
20.83mm
31.25mm


In terms of dimensions (in mm) of BALLAST
with actual measurements from 8 to 12 cms. long
and 4 to 8 inches thick / wide stone
have in the main scales:

NAME
SCALES
Length
Width
Thickness
Z
N
HO
O
1:220
1:160
1:87
1:43
0,3 a 0,5
0,5 a 0,7
0,9 a 1
1,7 a 2
0,2 a 0,3
0,3 a 0,4
0,4 a 0,5
0,8 a 1,7
0,2 a 0,3
0,3 a 0,4
0,4 a 0,5
0,8 a 1,7


Scales Calculator.


The table below gives the percentages of
extension (red)-reduction (blue) of the original plans
among the four most common scales.

N HO S O
N 0 183.7 250 333.3
HO 54.4 0 136.1 181.4
S 40 73.5 0 133.3
O 30 55.1 75 0


Value of times in the Railways
Epoca
Years
I
II
III
IV
V
Until 1920
From 1920 to 1945
From 1945 to 1970
From 1970 to 1985
From 1985 to present


List of steam locomotives shafts.
Ro
notation
American
Ro
notation
English
Name
Switchers
0-4-0
0-6-0
0-8-0
0-2-0
0-3-0
0-4-0



Old-Timers
4-4-0
4-6-0
2-2-0
2-3-0
American
Ten-Wheeler
Carga
2-6-0
2-8-0
2-8-2
2-8-4
2-10-0
1-3-0
1-4-0
1-4-1
1-4-2
1-5-0
Mogul
Consolidation
Mikado
Berkshire
Decapod
Passengers
4-4-2
4-6-2
4-6-4
4-8-4
2-2-1
2-3-1
2-3-2
2-4-2
Atlantic
Pasific
Hudson
Northern
Articulated
2-8-8-2
4-6-6-4
4-8-8-4
1-4-4-1
2-3-3-2
2-4-4-2

challenger
Big Boy


Value Identification Diesel Locomotives
Notation
Details
*** Electo Motive Division ***
General Motors
SW
Switcher locomotive construction
SW 1936-74 to SW1500
F
Streamline Locomotive loading
FT 1939-60 to F9 Class B, 4-axis
E
Streamline Passenger Locomotive
EA 1938-63 to E9
Class C, 6-axis
GP
General purpose locomotive
(Normal load)
GP60 GP7 1949-92 to
Class B, 4-axis
SD
Special Pesos locomotives
(Normal load)
1952-92 SD7 to SD60
Class C, 6-axis
*** General Electric 1930 to 1992 ***
U
Universal Locomotive
1959-75, U23 to U36
4-axle class B - Class C 6-axis
C
Class C, 6-axis
1976-88, C30 to C39-7
B
Class B, 4-axis
1977-88, B23-7 to B39-8
Dash 8-40
Clase B, 4 ejes
Clase C, 6 ejes
1988-94
Alco 1929-1969
S
Switcher locomotive
1946-69
S-1 to S-13
RS
Road Switcher Locomotive
1941-67
RS-1 to RS-36
FA
Cargo locomotive Aerodynamics
1946-56 FA-1 through AF-2
Class B, 4-axis
PA
Passenger Locomotive Aerodynamics
1946-53 PA-1 to PA-2
Class C, 6-axis
C
Cargo Century Series Locomotive
1963-69 C-420 to C636


Relationship between the scales and the trails of each
NAME
SCALE
TRACK
Possible scales approximate
Z
N
TT
HO
S
O
I
1:220
1:160
1:120
1:87
1:64
1:43
1:32
6.5mm
9mm
12mm
16.5mm
22mm
32mm
45mm
1:160(Nm) - 1:120(TTe) - 1:87(HOi)
1:120 (TTm) - 1:87(HOe) - 1:64(Si)
1:87 (HOm) - 1:64(Se) - 1:45 (Oi)
1:64(Sm) - 1:45(Oe) - 1:32(Ii)
1:45(Om) - 1:32(Ie)
1:32(Im)




WEIGHT OF ROLLING STOCK

Freight Cars
To calculate the freight cars using the following formula: a basic weight of 30 grams. and adds 15grs. for each 25mm long

LENGTH (feet) PROTOTYPE HO LENGTH (MM) WEIGHT Grs.
24 Miners 89 85
36 Tanks and Hoopers 127 106
40 Steam load time 140 114
50 Standard length 1950 178 136
60 Modern flats 216 160
85 Beaches 305 215



PASSENGER CARS
To calculate passenger cars using the following formula: a basic weight of 50 grams. and adds 15grs. for each 25mm long

LENGTH (feet) PROTOTYPE HO LENGTH (MM) WEIGHT Grs.
30 Short Service 105 115
36 First time 127 126
40 Early 1900 140 134
48 First Harriman (wood) 167 150
50 Standard since 1930 178 157
60 Standard since 1950 216 180
65 Metal with rivets 226 186
75 Straline 260 206
85 Supercine 295 230



For locomotives the calculation is made on the basis of 250grs. but the addition of 25 grams. per 25 mm. It is clear that the final weight can vary by model and time of construction.
The weight should be evenly distributed throughout the machine in the case of diesel or electric, in the case of steamers weight should be concentrated on the section containing the tractive (boiler or tender) in a ratio of 65% ( power) to 35% (Dumi) as.




WIRE LOCATION CATENARY
The following table gives the minimum and maximum heights from the rail head for the placement of the catenary wires in each of the scales.

NAME
SCALE
ALTURA
CATENARY
MINIMUM
ALTURA
CATENARY
MAXIMA
Z
N
TT
HO
S
O
I
1:220
1:160
1:120
1:87
1:64
1:43
1:32
26 mm
35 mm
45.5 mm
62 mm
82.5 mm
114 mm
157 mm
30 mm
40 mm
52.5 mm
73 mm
98.5 mm
139 mm
194 mm



LOCATION OF POLES OF WAY CURVE catenary
The following table shows the distance between vias catenary poles of different radius.

Radio
curve
Employee
Distance
between
poles
79 cm
65 cm
55 cm
47 cm
42 cm
36 cm
24.8 cm
20.4 cm
17.2 cm
14.7 cm
13.2 cm
11.3 cm